godfrey of bouillon descendants
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [27] While this claim is repeated in other Muslim sources, it does not appear in Christian chronicles; Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura suggest Godfrey fell ill while visiting Caesarea in June 1100 and died in Jerusalem on 18 July. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Wanting to minimise damage to what was an important Byzantine city and suspecting the Crusaders would demand a heavy ransom for handing it over, Alexios had made a separate peace with the Turkish garrison. When Godfrey IV died in 1076 his nephew inherited his titles. He was survived by his second wife, was living in 1130, when his son, Faramus, was accounting for her lands. Dagobert was subsequently forced to crown Baldwin as the first Latin king of Jerusalem on December 25, 1100. Murray also shows that identifying Geoffrey as Godgifu's son is also in agreement with the known chronology of Geoffrey and his son William. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. While the holdings of Geoffrey de Mandeville were not nearly as great as those of Eustace of Boulogne, he was a very substantial landholder in 11 counties and his daughter a suitable match for "Godfrey" who had already inherited a great deal from his maternal uncle. Eustace was born in 1015. Wagner (1975, p. 253, with an unfortunate misprint) mentions the 'confusion' between 'Godfrey'and 'Geoffrey'. By an unidentified mistress (or mistresses), he had two illegitimate sons, Geoffrey and Eustace (I) Garnier. When Pope Urban II called the Crusade, Godfrey, along with his two brothers, started in August 1096 at the head of an army from Lorraine (some say 40,000 strong), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Godfrey_of_Bouillon. [Ancestral Roots]. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. As the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and one of those who had taken part in its capture, Godfrey was idealized in later accounts. After months of waiting, the common people on the crusade forced Raymond to march on to Jerusalem, and Godfrey quickly joined him. Tilbesar, like the other areas acquired by the Crusaders at this time, had once been Byzantine; but neither Godfrey nor any of his associates offered to turn any of these lands over to the emperor. Albert of Aix records that "Godefridus dux regni Lotharingifraterque eius uterinus Baldewinus, Warnerus de Greis cognatus ipsius Ducis, Baldewinus pariter de Burch, Reinhardus comes de Tul, Petrusfrater ipsius, Dodo de Cons, Henricus de Ascha ac frater illius Godefridus" left for Jerusalem in Aug 1096. Godfrey of Bouillon was born in about 1060 C.E. [18], In February 1097, Godfrey and his army crossed the Bosporus Straits, where he was joined by Bohemund, Robert of Flanders and Hugh of Vermandois. This article incorporates text from the Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi reported that "In this year [1099], Godfrey, lord of Jerusalem, appeared before the fortified port of 'Akk [Acre] and made an assault upon it, but was struck by an arrow, which killed him". Others did the same, the largest being that raised by Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, who at 55 was the oldest and most experienced of the Crusader nobles. "Godfrey of Bouillon". Now the Christian army had to deal with armies of North African Muslims called Fatimids, who had adopted the name of the ruling family in Cairo, Egypt. His troops were defeated by an imperial force, and he accepted to swear allegiance to the emperor on Easter Sunday, agreeing that the emperor should become overlord of any new principalities founded by the crusaders and that any land captured which had previously belonged to the empire should be handed back to Byzantium. Meanwhile, the struggle with Dagobert continued; although the terms of the conflict are difficult to trace. Source: archeoscopebouillon.be Archoscope Godefroid De Bouillon. In Catholic Encyclopedia. Alexius I had made a separate peace with the Turks and now claimed the city for the Byzantine Empire. Godfrey of Bouillon surpassed all the captains of his age in his skill in war; and if he had lived some time longer, would have merited a name among great kings. If so, login to add it. On 22 July 1099, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and after Raymond of Toulouse had refused the crown, Godfrey agreed to become ruler. Matilda of Tuscany, the widow of his uncle, said that these lands should have come to her. "While he was besieging the city of Acre, Godfrey, the ruler of Jerusalem, was struck by an arrow, which killed him", reports the Arab chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi. "The Election and Title of Godfrey de . Godfrey (or Godefrid) II (965-1023), called the Childless, son of Godfrey I, Count of Verdun (d. 1002). to Count Eustace II of Boulogne and his wife Ida, who was the daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine. Second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godfrey became Lord of Bouillon in 1076 and in 1087 Emperor Henry IV confirmed him as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a reward for his support during the Great Saxon Revolt. She was married on December 29, 1786 in Medemblik, Noord-Holland, Nederland to Teunis Pietersz Bot She was married on January 14, 1787 in Wervershoof, Noord-Holland, Nederland to Teunis Pietersz Bot. His parentage is confirmed by an undated charter under which his grandson "Faramus filius Willielmi Boloni" confirmed donations to Okeburn Priory, Wiltshire by "Gaufridus filius comitis Eustacii de Bolonia avus meus, et Willielmus de Bolonia filius ipsius pater meus" [524]. This duchy was an important one at the time, serving as a buffer between the kingdom of France and the German lands. In order to undertake the crusade Godfrey sold the castle of Bouillon to the prince bishop of Liege, and the title of duke of Bouillon remained the appendage of the bishopric till 1678, or . In 1095 Pope Urban II called for military action in order to liberate Jerusalem and aid the Byzantine Empire, which in the years since 1071 had lost large swathes of territory to the Seljuk Empire. Alexius I, hearing of the desperate situation, thought that all was lost at Antioch and did not come to help the Crusaders as promised. ), Brabant, d. Jerusalem 18 July 1100; Domesday tenant 1086 at Carshalton, Surrey; a leader of the First Crusade, elected King of Jerusalem, but took the title of Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher (as Godfrey I); succeeded by his next younger brother Baldwin, Count of Edessa, who became Baldwin I King of Jerusalem, d. 2 Apr 1118, surviving issue, if any, unknown; m. Beatrice de Mandeville, daughter of Geoffrey de Mandeville and aunt of the first Earl of Essex. Godfrey continued to play a minor but important role in the battles against the Muslims until the Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem in 1099. I have been back and forth on this subject, and had been fairly recently convinced "once and for all" by Wikipedia that William was the son of Godfrey's brother. Su to Godofredo el Jorobado lo eligi como heredero de la Baja Lorena, pero en 1076 el Emperador Enrique IV slo le concedi la Marca de Amberes, quedndose para s mismo el feudo de la Baja Lorena (entonces denominada Baja Lotaringia), ya que su to no tena descendientes directos, es decir un heredero directo masculino. Eustache II, died in or before 1088. Godfrey of Bouillon, First Crusader. Godfrey of Bouillon was born around 1060, second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of the Lotharingian duke Godfrey the Bearded and his first wife, Doda. William Of Boulogne was deceased sometime before 1130. Most of the foot soldiers wanted to continue south to Jerusalem, but Raymond IV of Toulouse, by this time the most powerful of the princes, having taken others into his employ, such as Tancred, hesitated to continue the march. Rather, his arguments aimed at eliminating objections to the conjecture so that the conjecture could be considered a possibility. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. This book offers a new appraisal of the ancestry and career of Godfrey of Bouillon (c.1060-1100), a leading participant in the First Crusade (1096-99), and the first ruler of Latin Jerusalem (1099-1100), the polity established by the crusaders after they captured the Holy City. Godfrey also plays a key role in the book The Iron Lance by Stephen R. Lawhead, and in an historical novel Godfrey de Bouillon, Defender of the Holy Sepulchre, by Tom Tozer. He would not, however, accept the title of king, preferring to be called Defender of the Holy Sepulcher."Colby . Sin embargo, Godofredo luch junto con Enrique IV tanto en Elster como en el asedio de Roma, y finalmente en 1082 ste le concedi el ducado de Baja Lorena. But Godfrey and Alexius I had different goals. Godfrey Of Bouillon Becomes "Defender Of The Holy Sepulcher . Godfrey is 29 degrees from Jennifer Aniston, 29 degrees from Drew Barrymore, 29 degrees from Candice Bergen, 27 degrees from Alexandre Dumas, 29 degrees from Carrie Fisher, 39 degrees from Whitney Houston, 28 degrees from Hayley Mills, 28 degrees from Liza Minnelli, 28 degrees from Lisa Presley, 30 degrees from Kiefer Sutherland, 29 degrees from Bill Veeck and 32 degrees from Brian Nash on our single family tree. Because he had been the first ruler in Jerusalem Godfrey of Bouillon was idealized in later accounts. When the Crusaders finally took the city, they decided that their oaths to Alexius had breen breached and were no longer in effect. Eidelberg, Schlomo (1996). It is extremely unlikely that 'maritagium', the term used for Goisfrid's marriage, would be applied to a union which was in any way irregular. Brother of Eustace III, count of Boulogne and Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. is candy a common or proper noun; Tags . The statue was made by Eugne Simonis, and inaugurated on August 24, 1848. Godfrey Of Bouillon Descendants There is no definitive answer to this question as there is no public record of Godfrey of Bouillon's descendants. In fiction, he was the hero of the "Crusade cycle", a collection of French chansons de geste dealing with the First Crusade, which connected him to the legend of the Knight of the Swan,[31] most famous today as the storyline of Wagner's opera Lohengrin. Godfrey was only one of several leaders of the crusade, which also included Raymond IV of Toulouse, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert of Flanders, Stephen of Blois and Baldwin of Boulogne to name a few, along with papal legate Adhmar of Montiel, Bishop of Le Puy. Still, Godfrey would never have had much power in the German kingdom or in Europe if it had not been for the coming of the Crusades. Christian chronicles make no mention of this; instead, Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura report that Godfrey contracted an illness in Caesarea in June, 1100. Against his better judgment, but without any alternative, Godfrey became Daimbert's vassal. However, he refused to take the title, claiming that no man should ever wear a crown where Christ has worn his crown of thorns. Este ducado estaba muy influido por la reforma cluniacense, y al parecer, Godofredo era una persona muy religiosa, de este modo y aunque haba luchado a favor del Emperador contra el papado, Godofredo literalmente vendi todo lo que tena y se uni a la Cruzada que predic Urbano II en el Concilio de Clermont. The whole issue of Godefroi's title is discussed at length by Riley-Smith and Murray. When Raymond of Toulouse declined to become king of Jerusalem, Godfrey accepted the crown but refused the title of king and was called instead Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri (Defender of the Holy Sepulchre). He married (2nd) [Saint] Ida of Verdun, daughter of Godfrey I, by his 1st wife, Doda. The Crusaders would be battling them for the final prize of the First Crusade in the siege of Jerusalem. wikipedia. No longer were the Seljuk Turks the rulers of these lands. He married twice, but the names of his two wives are unknown, By his first marriage, he had a son Faramus, and presumably his other children, including his younger two sons, Eustache ans Simon, and his daughter, Rohese. William appears as a witness to a document of 1106 and in a couple of later documents. By the spring of 1097 the Crusaders were ready to march into battle. Godfrey was a son of Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida of Lorraine. In fact, Lower Lorraine was so important to the German kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire that Henry IV, the German king and future emperor (ruled 1084-1105), decided in 1076 that he would place it in the hands of his own son and give Godfrey only Bouillon and the Mark of Antwerp, in the Duchy of Brabant, as a test of Godfrey's abilities and loyalty. It was there assumed that the confusion was ancient and that Eustace's son Godofred, was genuinely a Godfrey. Snell, Melissa. Still, Godfrey's influence in the German kingdom would have been minimal if it had not been for his major role in the First Crusade. As a consequence of this successful military expedition to the Holy Land, Godfrey became the first ruler of the newly-established Kingdom of Jerusalem. Godfrey, who, even according to Albert's representation, contributed little to the success of the undertaking, is all at once represented in strong terms as the head of the army, the most noble. THANK YOU for proving otherwise. Baldwin's brother, Godfrey II, was the Duke of Lorraine. In 1096, Godfrey joined the First Crusade with Eustace and his younger brother, Baldwin. He was depicted as the leader of the crusades, the king of Jerusalem, and the legislator who laid down the assizes of Jerusalem, and he was included among the ideal knights known as the Nine Worthies. Godefroi was confirmed as ruler in Jerusalem at Christmas 1099 by Patriarch Daibert. Godfrey was the second son of Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida of Lorraine. He took part in actions at Nicaea, Dorylaeum and Antioch, before playing a key role during the capture of Jerusalem in 1099. Shortly thereafter, Godfrey and his fellow crusaders beat back a force of encroaching Egyptians. The Siege of Jerusalem During the First Crusade, Deus lo volt or deus vult? Thus, IF Kelley's arguments were correct, then Godfrey and Geoffrey MAY have been identical. Godfrey was the eldest of them by birth and the . He was instead called Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri (Protector of the Holy Sepulchre). He died in July 1100 and was succeeded by his brother Baldwin as king of Jerusalem. Omissions? [14] [15] [16], After the People's Crusade entered Hungary in June, a series of incidents had culminated in a full-scale battle with their hosts and the deaths of over 10,000 Crusaders; as a result, when Godfrey and his troops approached the border in September, it took several days of negotiations before they were allowed in. Being at Haifa at the time of Godfrey's death, he could do nothing to stop Godfrey's supporters, led by Warner of Grez, from seizing Jerusalem and demanding that Godfrey's brother Baldwin should succeed to the rule. Please try again. Another enemy outside the family also tried to take away other bits of his land, and Godfrey's brothers, Eustace and Baldwin, both came to his aid. Dagobert may well have envisaged turning Jerusalem into a fiefdom of the pope, but his full intentions are not clear. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), volume I, page 466 BOULOGNE 3. Standing on three rocky peaks, the castle of Bouillon dominates the city and offers a magnificent view of it. The Fatimids had taken Jerusalem in August 1098. Godfrey's role in the crusade was described by various authors, including Raymond of Aguilers and Albert of Aix, anonymous author of the Gesta Francorum. [13] In reference to Godfrey, a Hebrew text known as the Solomon bar Simson Chronicle, apparently written 50 years later, claims "Duke Godfrey, may his bones be ground to dust, vowedto avenge the blood of the crucified one by shedding Jewish blood and completely eradicating any trace of those bearing the name 'Jew'". Godfrey of Bouillon, as mentioned above, was chosen to be the first king. He died on July 18, 1100 in Jerusalem. It considers not only the military encounters between Muslims and crusaders, but also the personal, political, diplomatic, and trade interactions that Baron de Reiffenberg, Le Chevalier au cygne et Godfrey de Bouillon (Brussels, 2 vols., 1846-1848), in Mon. He was either the eldest or the second son of Eustace II, count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine . On enregistra les descendants de Juda en fonction de leur clan, de leur famille, en comptant les noms des hommes gs de 20 ans et plus, tous ceux qui taient aptes au service militaire. While previous studies of Godfrey's life have tended to focus on his career from the point at which he joined the . Daimbert, who shortly became the patriarch of Jerusalem, believed the city and, indeed, the entire Holy Land should be governed by the church. Melissa Snell is a historical researcher and writer specializing in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Godefroy IV de Bouillon, Duc de Basse-Lotharingie. Godfrey of Bouillon was also known as Godefroi de Bouillon, and he was best known for leading an army in the First Crusade, and becoming the first European ruler in the Holy Land. After the Crusaders captured Jerusalem when fellow crusade leader Raymond of Toulouse refused to become king of the city, Godfrey agreed to rule; but he wouldn't take the title of king. Thank you. Perhaps he is a still-unrecognized William Fitz-Geoffrey of other documents. See my longer comment elsewhere on this profile page. Instead, Godfrey himself seems to have used the more ambiguous term Princeps, or simply retained his title of dux from back home in Lower Lorraine. Godfrey endowed the hospital in the Muristan after the First Crusade. He is best remembered as one of the leaders of the First Crusade that ended with the liberation of Jerusalem, and where he was made the first ruler of the newly created Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was an end to three years of fighting by the Crusaders, but they had finally achieved what they had set out to do in 1096to recapture the Holy Land and, in particular, the city of Jerusalem and its holy sites, such as the Holy Sepulchre, the empty tomb of Jesus Christ. Snell, Melissa. Godfrey and some of his knights were the first to get over the walls and enter the city. Vaillant, of Boulogne 'that the sons of Eustace are known and that Geoffrey is not among them'. This profile should be updated, augmented, and corrected by the scholarly study of Alan V. Murray, "The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125" (2000), which represents the current state of the question on whether or not Godfrey, King of Jerusalem, was the same as Geoffrey de Boulogne. Although the majority of the Crusader leaders accepted Alexios' right to do so, it was an illustration of the level of mutual suspicion between the two sides. As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother and seemed destined to become just one more minor knight in service to a rich landed nobleman. Godfrey is depicted in Handel's opera "Rinaldo" (1711) as Goffredo. On pages 159-164, Murray shows from contemporary documents that, even though the names "Geoffrey" and "Godfrey" share a common origin etymologically, nevertheless by the time that Geoffrey and Godfrey lived those two names were distinct and not interchangeable -- nor is Godfrey of Bouillon's name ever rendered in medieval documents using the forms Gauzfrid, Goisfrid, or Galfrid, which were the ways "Geoffrey" was spelled in those days. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Liebermann asks whether Geoffrey's daughter was not thus 'the first wife, else unknown, of the future King of jerusalem'.' Simson records that after the Jewish communities in Mainz and Cologne each paid him 500 marks, Godfrey "assured them of his support and promised them peace". Godfrey of Bouillon led a troop of Lotharingian knights. During his short reign, Godfrey had to defend the new kingdom against the Fatimids of Egypt, who were defeated at the Battle of Ascalon in August. He was married before 1086 to Beatrice de Mandeville, they had 2 children. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. I see that this profile presents the old interesting but insufficiently supported speculation that Godfrey, 1st King of Jerusalem, was identical with Geoffrey de Boulogne who otherwise would be Godfrey's half-brother. The crusading army reached Jerusalem 7 Jun 1099 and captured the city 15 Jul 1099. Godfrey never married. Godfrey of Bouillon. He witnessed a charter of his uncle, Eustache III, Count of Boulogne, in 1106. Despite Warner's death 22 Jul 1100, this show of defiance continued into the Autumn when Robert Bishop of Lydda retrieved Baudouin from Edessa to secure his succession. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Eustache de Boulogne, Godefroy Iv de Boulogne, Agns de Boulogne, Baudouin i de Boulogne, Eustache Ii 'Met de Lange Snor' de Boulogne, Ida van Lotharingen (Ook: van Verdun), Eustaas Iii de Boulogne, Boudewijn de Boulogne, 1060 - Baisy-Thy, 25031, Brabant Wallon, Belgique, Eustache Ii de Boulogne, Ide de Bouillon de Lorraine, Boulogne Original blazon design by JSpeuller at Wappenwiki.org, licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0), resizing and tincture variations by dbigelow, Baissy, Genappe, Walloon Brabant, Wallonia, Belgium, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Christian Quarter, Old City (Jerusalem), Kingdom of Jrusalem, Crusader states (leaders and other notables), Eustace II aux Gernons de Boulogne, comte de Boulogne, Guillaume de Boulogne, btard fils de Eustace II, Geoffroi de Boulogne, btard, seignuer de Carshalton, Cambridgeshire, Coton-Manor, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon. Most of the foot soldiers wanted to continue south to Jerusalem, but Raymond IV of Toulouse, by this time the most powerful of the princes, having taken others into his employ, such as Tancred, hesitated to continue the march. [19] Accompanied by Byzantine soldiers, in early May the Crusaders invested Nicaea, a city close to Constantinople captured by the Turks in 1085. He was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine (daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine and his wife, Doda[1]%29 and never married.[2]. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 - July 18, 1100, Jerusalem ), ( Godefroy de Bouillon in French) was a leader of the First Crusade. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. Godfrey of Bouillon ( French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 18 September 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman and one of the pre-eminent leaders of the First Crusade. After this battle and during the trek through Asia Minor, some sources suggest that Godfrey was attacked by a bear and received a serious wound which incapacitated him for a time.[21]. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Some time following Pope Urban II's call to liberate Jerusalem at the Council of Clermont in Auvergne 27 Nov 1095, Godefroi resolved to join the crusade. The assizes were the result of a gradual development. Their daughter, Heilwig, married Arnold van Rode, thus the niece of Godfrey Bouillon was a van Rode/Roesmont. ukraine russia border live camera /; June 24, 2022 Along with his brothers Eustace III and Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey joined the First Crusade in 1096. Wrong username or password. [3] During his short reign, Godfrey had to defend the new Kingdom of Jerusalem against Fatimids of Egypt, who were defeated at the Battle of Ascalon in August. [10] Each travelled separately, since it was impossible for one region to feed and supply such large numbers on their own; the first to leave in spring 1096 was what became known as the People's Crusade, an army of 20,000 low ranking knights and peasants which journeyed through the Rhineland, then headed for Hungary. During the next several months the other Crusader armies arrived. Godfrey took out loans on most of his lands, or sold them, to the bishop of Lige and the bishop of Verdun. Enter a grandparent's name. He also faced opposition from Dagobert of Pisa, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, who was allied with Tancred. [23] Both the meaning and usage of his title is disputed. He was designated heir by his maternal uncle, on whose death in 1076 he inherited the county of Verdun, the allods of Stenay and Mouzay, and the castle of Bouillon with its dependencies. When the city finally fell, Bohemond claimed it for himself and refused to hand it over to the Emperor citing the Emperor's failure to help the crusaders at Antioch as breaking the oath; after repulsing a Muslim force from Mosul led by Kerbogha, Antioch was secured. The crusaders' control over Jerusalem was strengthened by their defeat of the Fatimid army from Egypt in the plain of al-Majdal 11 Aug 1099[373]. Godfrey of Bouillon (18 September 1060 - 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his dea. In defiance of Patriarch Daibert, Godefroi's household, under the leadership of his kinsman Warner de Grez [Gray], assured the succession of his brother Baudouin by seizing the citadel of Jerusalem. 63 ratings rating ratings . ES is probably following the reasoning of "Wagner" mentioned above by AR. Godfrey of Bouillon (French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 1060 18 July 1100) was a French nobleman[1][2] and pre-eminent leader of the First Crusade. Godfrey and his knights of Lorraine played a minor role in the siege of Nicaea, with Bohemond successfully commanding much of the action. If you have any questions please let me know. Godfrey fought with Henry and his forces against the rival forces of Rudolf of Swabia and also took part in battles in Italy when Henry IV actually took Rome away from the pope. Following is the lengthy note in Ancestral Roots, attached to line 158a-23, which Kay Allen had nicely transcribed, which I have extended (Kay had not copied the whole note) and edited: Note [copied from Ancestral Roots]: Although the Lotharingian name, Godofred, borne by the famous leader of the First Crusade, has been transcribed into English as 'Godfrey', this is etymologically incorrect. Godfrey of Bouillon, with Tancred de Hauteville, gained victory at the Siege of Antioch which had lasted from October 1097 to June 1098 Godfrey of Bouillon and Tancred were among the first to mount the ramparts during the capture of Jerusalem Godfrey of Bouillon was elected king of Jerusalem on July 22 1099 Among the Italian stories connected with the Crusades is that of Otho Visconti, the founder of that famous Italian family which for centuries possessed sovereign power in Italy as Lords of Milan and Dukes of . In 2005 Godfrey came in 17th place in the French language Le plus grand Belge, a public vote of national heroes in Belgium. In their progress through the Holy Land, some of the Crusaders took a detour to find allies and supplies, and they ended up establishing a settlement in Edessa. At that time, the territory of the kingdom was limited to two separated areas, Judea (with Jerusalem itself, Bethlehem, Jericho and Hebron) and a small coastal strip around Jaffa, Lydda and Ramla.